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In spite of our lack of experience, God blessed these evangelizing campaigns in the central part of France. A year after, a small church was founded there. Then, other camps were organized, new towns were evangelized in the South , Central part and East of France. As early as , three assemblies were born.

At the same time, a vocation stood out, approved by the local church: There he met some active and zealous students, but his new friends were in great personal difficulties: Losing heart, somme of them thought of giving up their studies. Then, being helped by the man who became the founder of the Mission, these students allowed their lives to be set under the light of the Gospel, confessed their sins and opened "their heartfelt sorrow" 1 Kings 8: But their testimony was not well received, giving rise to a conflict sometimes growing more intense through their overzealousness in the joy of such experiences….

Some students had to leave the university due to their piety and not to doctrine. Their call remained but they could not respond to it in their religious circles. Thus, the decision was made to work together. An association was made, and the Mission Timothee was born in It is not the fulfilment of a dream, or the carrying out of a project. One of the founders had a car accident followed by some friendly visits at the hospitall. Then there was the work of God in the suffering heart and the immediate fellowship between two men. Eventually all these have borne their fruit…. In this obediant spirit, the young team meet in Anduze to build a "welcoming centre" intended to welcome new converts, Christians with difficulties , people "wounded on the road", to organise biblical camps and later training sessions for fellow workers.

Comment vas-tu? How go you? And you, it goes fine? It goes well. You're coming to my party? I'm organizing a little party. C'est quand? It is when? Daniel March 3rd at March 3rd, agreed. You're having it at your place? Oui c'est chez moi. On va danser toute la nuit. Daniel 4 Yes, it's at my place.

I have invited a set of twenty friends. We are going to dance all night. So long. Daniel Until tomorrow, good day. Its adjective equivalent is bon ne , which means good. Since je vais, meaning I go, uses an action verb, the adverb bien is used. In English, I'm good, which uses the linking verb am, is followed by an adjective rather than an adverb. This is used in a similar manner to do in English.

Instead of You want it? Est-ce que Chez moi is used to say at my place. Chez [name] is used to say at [name's] place. Lesson 0 - Test The following test will confirm your progress in the French introduction. Try to answer the questions to the best of your ability without turning to the previous chapters or consulting the test answers. Grammar Verb forms Name the verb forms for the subject and infinitive specified. Each phrase is worth 1 points.

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Quel est ton nom? Je m'appelle Jacques. Comment vous-appelez vous? Je m'appelle Henri. Reading comprehension Fill in the blank Fill in the blanks in these conversations. Every blank is one word. Once that's done, you're ready to begin your very first traditional French lesson! After you have completed this level, you can move on to the next level. Finally, go to the lessons planning page if you would like to help improve this course.

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Gender, Articles, base Subject Pronouns Lesson Basic V: To be V: La 03 G: La 04 famille G: Avoir, le, la, and les Lesson Faire, me, te, nous, 06 maison and vous Lesson The V: Le 07 G: Negation, temps Contractions, Aller Lesson Les G: Travel V: L'art G: Museums, Music, Lesson La 10 G: Prendre science V: Elements, Lesson Gender of nouns In French, all nouns have a grammatical gender; that is, they are either masculin m or feminin f.

Most nouns that express people or animals have both a masculine and a feminine form. For example, the two words for "the actor" in French are l'acteur m and l'actrice f. The two words for "the cat" are le chat m and la chatte f. However, there are some nouns that talk about people or animals whose gender are fixed, regardless of the actual gender of the person or animal. For example, la personne f the person is always feminine, even when it's talking about your uncle!

The nouns that express things without an obvious gender e. This form can be masculine or feminine. For example, la voiture the car can only be feminine; le stylo the pen can only be masculine. Unfortunately, there are many exceptions in French which can only be learned. There are even words that are spelled the same, but have a different meaning when masculine or feminine; for example, le livre m means the book, but la livre f means the pound!

Some words that appear to be masculine like le photo, which is actually short for la photographie are in fact feminine, and vice versa. Then there are some that just don't make sense; la foi is feminine and means a belief, whereas le foie means liver. To help overcome this hurdle which many beginners find very difficult, be sure to learn the genders along with the words. When you think of a noun in French, think of the noun with its article le or la. Here is a chart which depicts some tendencies of French nouns.

Eventually, you will be able to guess the gender of a noun based on tricks like this: While the long form, professeur, is always masculine, even when referring to female teachers, prof can be either masculine or feminine. If the definite article is l due to elision, m will follow a noun to denote a masculine gender and f will follow a noun to denote a feminine gender. Unlike English, the definite article is used to talk about something in a general sense, a general statement or feeling about an idea or thing.

In French, the definite article is changed depending on the noun's: Gender 2. First letter of the word There are three definite articles and an abbreviation. It is similar to English, where "a" changes to "an" before a vowel. However, the -s ending is not pronounced.

It is the article that tells the listener whether the noun is singular or plural. Most singular nouns do not end in -s. The -s is added for the plural form of the noun. Fils is one exception. Whenever the singular form of a noun ends in -s, there is no change in the plural form. Fils pronounced feece is also an exception to this rule.

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Elision Elision refers to the suppression of a final unstressed vowel immediately before another word beginning with a vowel. When pronounced, the vowel sound is dropped. The details on these words will be covered in later sections of the book. Again, indefinite articles in French take different forms depending on gender and plurality. The articles "Un" and "une" literally mean "one" in French. When a word ending in a consonant is followed by a word beginning with a vowel sound or silent h , the consonant often becomes pronounced.

This is a process called liaison. When a vowel goes directly after un, the normally unpronounced n sound becomes pronounced. Liaison also occurs with les and des. For example, you are looking at photographs in an album. The English statement "I am looking at photographs. If it is a set of specific pictures, the French statement should be "Je regarde les photographies.

To say What is it? You will be using Qu'est-ce que? C'est un livre. C'est un chien.

Remember that the indefinite article un or une must agree with the noun it modifies. C'est une chemise. Respond according to the pictures. Il y a expresses the existence of the noun it introduces. Il y a une pomme. The phrase is used for both singular and plural nouns. Il y a des pommes. The -s at the end of the most pluralised nouns tells you that the phrase is there are instead of there is. In spoken French, when both the singular and plural forms almost always sound the same, the article and perhaps other adjectives modifying the noun is used to distinguish between singular and plural versions.

You will soon learn that a is the present third person singular form of avoir, the verb meaing to have, and that y is a pronoun meaning there. The phrase il y a, then, literally translates to he has there. You will see this phrase used in all French tenses. It is important to remember that verb stays as a form of have and not be. Like in English, il y a Lesson 1. Where are you from? Subject pronouns French has six different types of pronouns: The pronoun it does not exist in French. Il replaces all masculine nouns, even those that are not human. The same is true with elle and feminine nouns.

In addition to the nuances between vous and tu, as discussed earlier, French pronouns carry meanings that do not exist in English pronouns. The French third person "on" has several meanings, but most closely matches the now archaic English "one". Also, while the third person plural "they" has no gender in English, the French equivalents "ils" and "elles" do.

However, when pronounced, they normally sound the same as "il" and "elle", so distinguishing the difference requires understanding of the various conjugations of the verbs following the pronoun. Also, if a group of people consists of both males and females, the male form is used, even with a majority of females — however, this sensibly yields to overwhelming majority: For more, see the Wikipedia entry.

Introduction to Verbs A verb is a word that describes an action or mental or physical state. Tenses and Moods French verbs can be formed in four moods, each of which express a unique feeling. Each mood has a varying number of tenses, which indicate the time when an action takes place. The conjugations in the present tense of the indicative mood, the present indicative, is discussed in the next section. There is one conjugation for each of the six subject pronouns.

Infinitives The infinitive form is the basic form of a verb. It does not refer to a particular tense, person or subject. In this book, the infinitive form of the verb is used to identify it. In French, the infinitive is one word. For example, parler translates to to speak, finir translates to to finish, and aller translates to to go. Conjugation French verbs conjugate, which means they take different shapes depending on the subject.

Most French verbs will conjugate into many different forms. Most verbs are regular, which means that they conjugate in the same way. The most common verbs, however, are irregular. As in most languages, it is an irregular verb, and is not conjugated like any other verb. I am a lawyer. You are at the bank. He is handsome. They will become very useful in forming tenses. J'y suis! You are of agreement? To respond positively, you say Oui, je suis d'accord. D'accord corresponds to the English okay.

Cities and Nationalities To say what city you are from, you use the preposition de. Il est de Paris. When stating your nationality or job, it is not necessary to include the article. This is an exception to the normal rule. Je suis Australien ne. There is both a masculine and feminine form of saying your nationality - for males and females respectively.

Il est Australien. Elle est Australienne. In the next lesson, you will learn how to say the nationality of more than one person. Check for understanding Please use the the nationalities list to find out what your nationality is in French. Then say what city you are from and what nationality you are. Then say what nationality some of your friends are, and what city they are from. For example, Marie est italienne.

Elle est de Rome. Adjectives - Les adjectifs Main article: Regular Formation Most adjective changes occur in the following manner: Most adjectives, such as those above, are affected by this rule. Masculine Pronunciation: Exceptions and Irregularities Adjectives that end in e in the masculine form do not change in gender. When an adjective, such as gros, ends in -s, it does not change in the masculine plural form. Sometimes the final consonant is doubled in the feminine form.

Elle est petite. Ils sont petits. Elles sont petites. Il est moyen. Elle est moyenne. Ils sont moyens. Elles sont moyennes. Il est grand. Elle est grande. Ils sont grands. Elles sont grandes. Il est gros. Elle est grosse. Ils sont gros. Elles sont grosses. Elle est blonde. Ils sont blonds. Elles sont blondes. Il est brun. Elle est brune. Ils sont bruns. Elles sont brunes. Elle est intelligente. Ils sont intelligents. Elles sont intelligentes. Il est amusant. Elle est amusante. Ils sont amusants. Elles sont amusantes. Adverbs Expressing Degree assez - rather, enough Il est assez intelligent.

The verb avoir "Avoir" can be translated as "to have". I have two pens. You have three brothers. He has an idea. Expressing Age Avoir is used to express age. You have what age? Il y a un livre. Il y a des livres. Direct Object Pronouns le, la, and les le, la, and les are called direct object pronouns, because they are pronouns that are, you guessed it, used as direct objects.

A direct object is a noun that is acted upon by a verb. Il lance la balle. In the above sentence la balle is the direct object. You have learned earlier that names and regular nouns can be replaced by the subject or nominative pronouns "I, you, he Similary, direct objects, such as "la balle", can be replaced by pronouns. These are a different set of pronouns accusative. As in English, you would say "She gave him," and not "Her gave he. Il la lance. Il les lance. Le, la, and les can replace either people or inanimate objects. Regular -er Verbs Formation Most French verbs fall into the category of -er verbs.

To conjugate, drop the -er to find the "stem" or "root". Add endings to the root based on the subject and tense. J'attends, J'habite If a phrase is negative, ne changes to n'. In all plural forms, the s at the end of each subject pronoun, normally unpronounced, becomes a z sound and the n of on becomes pronounced when followed by a vowel.

It is a type of pronominal verb a verb that includes a pronoun as part of it called a reflexive verb, which means that the action of the verb is reflected back onto the subject. Literally translated, the verb means To amuse oneself. J'aime parler. When negating a sentence, remember that the negative goes around the conjugated verb. Je n'aime pas parler.

Besides the new vocabulary you should also have a look at how the verbs are conjugated depending on the subject of the sentence. Qu'est-ce que vous faites? Marc et Paul: Nous jouons au tennis. Je finis mes devoirs. J'attends mon amie. Je vais au parc. Je viens du stade. Recreation Qu'est-ce que vous faites? What are you doing?

You will learn their conjugation in a later lesson. Thus, mon amie is used instead of ma amie, while ma bonne amie would be okay. Indirect Object Pronouns lui and leur Indirect objects are prepositional phrases with the object of the preposition, a direct object is a noun that receives the action of a verb. Lui and leur are indirect object pronouns. Il lui jette la balle. Il leur jette la balle. Whether lui means to him or to her is given by context. In English, "He throws him the ball" is also said, and means the same thing.

When used with the direct object pronouns le, la, and les, lui and leur come after those pronouns. Il la lui jette. Note that while le, la, and les are used to replace people or inanimate objects, lui and leur are not used to replace innanimate objects and things. Also note that unlike le and la, which are shortened to l' when followed by a vowel, lui is never shortened V: Jouer The verb jouer is a regular -er verb meaning to play.

It can be used to refer to both sports and instruments. As always, jouer must be conjugated rather than left in the infinitive. Il habite Rue de Rennes. Partir is used in other phrases. You will learn how to conjugate these verbs in a future lesson. Faire The verb faire is translated to to do or to make. It is irregularly conjugated it does not count as a regular -re verb. Je veux te voir. If a perfect tense is used, these pronouns go before the auxiliary verb. Je t'ai vu. Direct Object Replacement Il me voit.

Il te voit. Il nous voit. Il vous voit. Indirect Object Replacement Il me l'appelle. Il te le jette. Il nous le jette. Il vous le jette. Exercises Try to describe your house or bedroom using the vocabulary. Don't forget prepositions. You may also wish to talk about what housework you do. Ma maison a deux chambres: Nous avons [16] aussi un bureau avec trois ordinateurs: La cuisine est toute petite et [18] [19] nous y mangeons le soir.

Il y a une petite table et quatre chaises. Le jardin est assez grand et nous y faisons pousser des fleurs. Standard Negation In order to say that one did not do something, the ne The ne is placed before the verb, while the pas is placed after. Formation and Rules Simple negation is done by wrapping ne Je ne vole pas.

In a perfect tense, ne When an infinitive and conjugated verb are together, ne Je ne veux pas voler. Je veux ne pas voler. Je ne le vole pas.

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He is [a] lawyer. Il n'est pas avocat. He is not [a] lawyer. Nous faisons nos devoirs. We are doing our homework. Nous ne faisons pas nos devoirs. We are not doing our homework. Je joue du piano. I play the piano. Je ne joue pas du piano. I do not play the piano. Vous vendez votre voiture. You sell your car. Vous ne vendez pas votre voiture. You do not sell your car. J'ai un livre. Je n'ai pas de livre. J'ai des livres. Je n'ai pas de livres. Examples Il est belge.. He is Belgian. Il n'est pas belge. He is not Belgian.

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Nous lisons un livre. We read a book. Nous ne lisons pas de livre. We do not read a book. Je mange une cerise. I eat a cherry. Je ne mange pas de cerise. I do not eat a cherry. Contractions Contractions have been discussed previously in the form of elision. They are a combination of two or more consecutive words that have been integrated into the language, for example, aujourd'hui.

The definite pronoun la remains in full form. It's cloudy. There are some clouds. Cold and Windy Weather Il fait chaud. It's warm. Il fait froid. It's cold. The sky is clear. The sky is freed. Il fait du vent. It's windy. The sky is clearing up. Le vent souffle. The wind blows.

Le soleil brille. The sun is shining. It's snowing. It's hailing. It falls of the hail. The rain falls. Il y a un orage! There's a storm! Il pleut. It's raining. It rained. It's going to rain. The weather is rainy. Aller The verb aller is translated to to go. It is irregularly conjugated it does not count as a regular -er verb. Formation In the present indicative, aller is conjugated as follows: Usage There is no present progressive tense in French, so aller in the present indicative is used to express both I go and I am going.

Aller must be used with a place and cannot stand alone. Je vais au stade. Instead of a preposition and place, you can use the pronoun y, meaning there. Y comes before the verb. Remember that aller must be used with a place there or a name when indicating that you are going somewhere, even if a place wouldn't normally be given in English.

J'y vais. Tu y vas. Nous y allons. The negative form of aller with the y pronoun has both the verb and pronoun enclosed between ne and pas. Il n'y va pas. Il va pleuvoir demain. Il va faire froid. Remember that the negative goes around the conjugated verb. Il ne va pas pleuvoir demain. Idioms Allons-y - ahlonzee - Let's go! It goes? On y va! On y va? Liaison Usually, whenever a vowel sound comes after This process is called liaison. However, since allons and allez begins with vowels, nous allons is pronounced nyoozahloh and vous allez is pronounced voozahlay.

In order to have a pleasing and clean sound, two liaisons should not go consecutively. Regular -ir Verbs The second category of regular French verbs is -ir verbs. To conjugate, drop the -ir to find the "stem" or "root". C'est mon livre. In English the possessive adjective agrees with the subject his sister, her brother. But in French, possessive adjectives act like all other adjectives: Elle lit son livre. Liaison and Adjective Changes Liaison occurs when mon, ton, and son are followed by a vowel.

Il est mon ami. Ils sont mes amis. Elision to m', t', or s' does not occur. Elle est mon amie. Regular -re Verbs The third category of regular verbs is made up of -re' verbs. To conjugate, drop the -re to find the "stem" or "root". Add endings to the root based on the subject and tense, as demonstrated below for the present tense. Common -re Verbs Compared to -er verbs, -re verbs are not very common. You will however see the following verbs fairly often: Consonant Masc. Vowel Fem. Prendre Prendre is an irregular -re verb, and is conjugated differently.

The grammar now becomes a lot more advanced, and each lesson now gives much more information. Also remember to go to the lessons planning page if you would like to help improve this course. School V: La culture G: Faire des G: Shopping V: Sortir G: Going Out V: Le transport G: Le quotidien G: Devoir, Falloir, Reflexive Verbs Lesson Everyday V: La vie rurale G: La nourriture G: Food and V: Dining V: La 10 communication G: Introduction to Perfect Tenses The next section is optional.

You will eventually learn everything that is covered in it, but if you would like a preview, read it, and if not, continue on to the school section. Introduction to Moods and Tenses Like the above section, this is also optional. You will eventually learn everything in here. The only case when "professeur" can be preceded by feminine determinant is either when contracting it in colloquial language "la prof", or when adding a few words before: Whereas American grade numbers go up as you approach your senior year, they descend in France.

You will learn to conjugate it in the next section. While in English, you would say my hand or your hand, the definite article is almost always used in French. The hand is broken if you speak about your own hand. It is not necessary to add a preposition to the verb.

It varies from other '-re' verbs in the plural conjugation, by adding a 'v'. Lire is an irregular french verb, meaning to read. It's plural conjugation adds an additional 's'. With most verbs, that auxiliary verb is avoir. Auxiliary Verb - Avoir Conjugate avoir in the present indicative. We have played. You have played. He has played. They have played. The culture of France is diverse, reflecting regional differences as well as the influence of recent immigration. Also, try and reflect on how your culture is similar and different to French culture. General Verbs Review Most verbs in French are regular -er verbs.

Others are regular -ir or -re verbs or are simply irregular. Voir is an irregularly conjugated -re verb. How old are you? Bastille Day and Parades V: It's how much? It costs how much? How much costs [noun]? French butchers do not sell pork, pork products, nor horsemeat.

For these products, go to a charcuterie. However, a lot of boucheries are also charcuteries, and are called boucherie-charcuterie 2. In France, bakeries only sell fresh bread; e. A direct object pronoun is used to refer to the direct object of a previous sentence: Pierre voit le cambrioleur. Pierre sees the burglar. Pierre le voit. Pierre sees him. The following table shows the various types of direct object pronouns: French me, m' te, t' le, l' la, l' nous vous les English me1 1 1 1 you him, it her, it us you them Notes: The pronoun form with an apostrophe is used before a vowel. The direct object pronoun for nous and vous is the same as the subject.

When the direct object comes before a verb in a perfect tense, a tense that uses a past participle, the direct object must agree in gender and plurality with the past participle. For example, in the phrase Je les ai eus, or I had them, the past participle would be spelled eus if the direct object, les, was referring to a masculine object, and eues if les is referring to a feminine object.

Indirect Objects An indirect object is an object that would be asked for with To whom? It is called indirect because it occurs usually together with a direct object which is affected directly by the action: He gives some bread to Pierre. Il lui donne du pain. He gives bread to him. The following table shows the various types of indirect object pronouns: French me, m' te, t' lui nous vous leur English to me1 to you1 to him, to her to us1 to you1 to them Notes: The indirect object pronoun for nous and vous is the same as the subject.

The indirect object pronouns do not agree with the past participle like the direct object pronouns do. When me, te, nous, and vous are used in a perfect tense, the writer must decide whether they are used as direct or indirect object pronouns. This is done by looking at the verb and seeing what type of action is being performed. The bread is given by the man direct. Pierre gets the given bread indirect. The stem change applies to all forms except nous and vous.

When y is part of the last syllable, it changes to i in order to keep the ay sound. In the present indicative of -yer verbs, this affects all forms except nous and vous. Payer The verb payer translates to to pay. Formation In the present indicative, payer and all other -yer verbs is conjuagted as follows: Irregular Past Participles Many of the verbs you have learned so far have irregular past participles. Practise Conversations Let's practise some of these words and verbs in some everyday shopping talk: Bonjour madame Camille la cliente: Bonjour monsieur Bernard: Que voulez-vous?

Ce sera tout? Non, je voudrais deux croissants aussi Bernard: Merci beaucoup Useful vocabulary: Est-ce que vous avez des cerises? Useful vocabulary: Lesson 2. The preposition de can indicate an origin, contents, possession, cause, manner, and several other things which will be covered later. When le follows de, the de and le combine into du. Similarly, de and les combine into des.

Leisure Activites Les loisirs refers to leisure activities. Some other verbs use sortir and partir as stems. One would normally use "une place" whenever "a seat" is used in English. Prenez place! No article before place, you should not say Prenez la place Les films sont fascinants!

Vous aimez les films? Venir The most common -enir verb is venir. The verb venir is translated to to come. When it means to come from, venir is used with the preposition de. Nous venons du stade. You can also use venir with a verb to state that you have recently accomplished an action.